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Absheron National Park, situated on the southeastern tip of the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan, is a unique natural sanctuary known for its diverse flora and fauna. 

Covering an area of 783 hectares (7.83 km²), the park was originally established in 1969 as the Absheron State Nature Preserve to protect gazelles and Caspian Seals. Over the years, it fell into disrepair but was revitalized in 2005 with a renewed focus on conservation and eco-tourism development.

Flora and Fauna

Wildlife Diversity

Absheron National Park is characterized by semi-arid steppe and dunes that stretch as far as the eye can see. The park is home to a rich variety of wildlife, including:

• Birds: More than 50 species of birds can be found here, making it a haven for birdwatchers. Visitors can spot gulls, terns, ducks, waders, and various raptors, many of which migrate along the Caspian coastline. The short-eared owl, a nesting species, is a highlight during autumn.
• Mammals: The park is inhabited by mammals such as foxes, jackals, and gazelles. However, recent reports suggest that the gazelles and seals, once the park's iconic residents, are no longer present.
• Reptiles: Absheron National Park is also home to several snake species, adding to the park's reptilian diversity.
• Flora: The park boasts 25 species of plants, which contribute to the unique ecosystem found within its borders.
• Caspian Seals: Historically, Caspian Seals would visit the park's shores between May and August, providing a rare opportunity to observe these small and endangered seals.

Conservation Efforts

The primary goal of Absheron National Park is to protect and conserve its endangered flora and fauna while simultaneously fostering the development of eco-tourism in the semi-desert landscape.

Getting to Absheron National Park

Reaching Absheron National Park can be somewhat challenging due to a lack of road signs and limited public transportation options. 

It is advisable to either rent a vehicle or join an organized tour. Guides can be invaluable as they provide navigation and translation services, particularly since English is not widely spoken within the park.

The quickest route to the park involves taking the Airport Road past the airport and onto the Mardakan Highway. 

After traveling approximately 5.5 kilometers (3.4 miles), bear right and continue for an additional 18 kilometers (11.2 miles) through Zica village, leading straight to Absheron National Park.

Is it Worth Visiting?

While Absheron National Park may not compare to some of the world's renowned protected areas, it is certainly worth a day trip. 

Visitors are rewarded with pristine landscapes, unspoiled beaches, and the opportunity to explore beyond the bustling city of Baku. Consider incorporating a visit to the Ateshgah Fire Temple and Yanar Dag to make the most of your day trip.

Conveniently located close to Baku, Absheron National Park offers a remote setting at the tip of the Absheron Peninsula, making it a peaceful and natural escape from the urban bustle.

Birdwatching in Absheron National Park

Target Species

If you're a bird enthusiast, Absheron National Park has much to offer. Some of the target bird species you might encounter include:

• Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
• Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)
• Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo)
• Great Egret (Ardea alba)
• Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca)
• Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)
• Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea)

Best Time to Visit

For birdwatchers, the best time to visit is from mid-April to mid-May when migratory birds are abundant. 

Additionally, November offers calm and windless days, making it a good time for birdwatching. From mid-January to the end of February, you may also have the opportunity to see wintering species such as flamingos.

Where to Stay

Absheron National Park is conveniently located approximately 60 kilometers from central Baku. The capital city offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit various preferences and budgets, making it easy for visitors to find a comfortable place to stay.

In conclusion, Absheron National Park may be smaller in size compared to some other national parks, but it offers a unique opportunity to experience the natural beauty and biodiversity of the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan. 

Whether you're interested in birdwatching, eco-tourism, or simply escaping the city for a day, this park has something to offer every nature enthusiast.